noun

diamond

diamond [noun] (STONE)

a transparent, extremely hard precious stone that is used in jewellery , and in industry for cutting hard things

US /ˈdaɪ.ə.mənd/ 
UK /ˈdaɪə.mənd/ 

الماس‌

مثال: 

a diamond ring/necklace

Oxford Essential Dictionary

diamond

 noun

1 a hard stone that looks like clear glass and is very expensive:
The ring has a large diamond in it.
a diamond necklace

2 the shape below

3 diamonds (plural) the group of playing cards (called a suit) that have red (shape below) shapes on them:
the eight of diamonds

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

diamond

diamond S3 /ˈdaɪəmənd/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: diamant 'hard metal, diamond', from Greek adamas; ⇨ ↑adamant]
1. [uncountable and countable] a clear, very hard valuable stone, used in jewellery and in industry:
a diamond engagement ring
2. [countable] a shape with four straight but sloping sides of equal length, with one point facing directly up and the other directly down:
Cut the cookie dough into diamonds.
3.
a) diamonds one of the four ↑suits (=types of cards) in a set of playing cards, which has the design of a red diamond shape on it
two/queen etc of diamonds
the ace of diamonds
b) [countable] a card from this suit:
You have to play a diamond.
4. [countable]
a) the area in a baseball field that is within the diamond shape formed by the four ↑bases
b) the whole playing field used in baseball
• • •
THESAURUS
■ places where people do sport
field (also pitch British English) a large area of ground, usually covered with grass, where team sports are played: A few kids were playing on the football field. | a hockey field
stadium a large sports field with seats all around it for people to watch team sports or track and field competitions: The atmosphere in the Olympic Stadium was amazing. | a football stadium
ground British English a sports field and the seats and buildings around it, belonging to a particular football, rugby, or cricket team: I met my friends inside the ground.
ballpark/park American English a stadium where baseball is played: Busch Stadium is one of the newest ballparks in Major League.
court an area with lines painted on the ground, for tennis, badminton, basketball, or volleyball: The hotel has four tennis courts and a volleyball court.
diamond the area in a baseball field that is within the shape formed by the four bases. The diamond can also be the whole field: The pitcher stands in the middle of the diamond. | There’s a playground, a picnic area, and a baseball diamond.
track a circular path with lines on it, for running on: In the relay, each runner runs once around the track.
gym a room with machines which you can use to do exercises: He spends an hour in the gym every day.
pool/swimming pool a place where you can swim: He jumped into the deep end of the pool. | I’ll meet you outside the swimming pool.
sports centre British English, sports center American English a building where you can play many types of indoor sports: Why not do exercise classes at your local sports centre?
health club a small sports centre, where you pay to be a member: How much does it cost to join a health club?

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

diamond

dia·mond [diamond diamonds]   [ˈdaɪəmənd]    [ˈdaɪəmənd]  noun
1. uncountable, countable a clear precious stone of pure carbon, the hardest substance known. Diamonds are used in jewellery and also in industry, especially for cutting glass
a ring with a diamond in it
a diamond ring/necklace
She was wearing her diamonds (= jewellery with diamonds in it).
• The lights shone like diamonds.

see also  rough diamond

 

2. countable a shape with four straight sides of equal length and with angles that are not right angles

3. diamonds plural, uncountable one of the four suits (= sets) in a pack of cards. The cards are marked with red diamond shapes
• the ten of diamonds

• Diamonds are/is trumps.

4. countable a card of this suit

• You must play a diamond if you have one.

5. countable (in baseball) the space inside the lines that connect the four bases; also used to mean the whole baseball field 
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French diamant, from medieval Latin diamas, diamant-, variant of Latin adamans from Greek adamas, adamant-, ‘untameable, invincible’ (later used to denote the hardest metal or stone, hence diamond), from a- ‘not’ + daman ‘to tame’.  
Example Bank:
• an old woman dripping with diamonds

• earrings encrusted with diamonds

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

diamond / ˈdaɪə.mənd / noun (STONE)

B2 [ C or U ] a transparent, extremely hard precious stone that is used in jewellery , and in industry for cutting hard things:

The tiara was set with diamonds and rubies.

a diamond ring/necklace

He had worked in the diamond mines of South Africa.

diamond-tipped saw blades

See picture diamond

diamonds [ plural noun ] jewellery made from diamonds:

Shall I wear the diamonds or the pearls with this dress?

 

diamond / ˈdaɪə.mənd / noun (SHAPE)

B2 [ C or U ] a shape with four straight sides of equal length, forming two opposite angles that are wide and two that are narrow:

Joe's socks had diamond patterns on them.

See picture diamond

[ C ] the square part of a field on which baseball is played, surrounded by the four bases, or the whole field on which the game is played

See picture diamond

 

diamond / ˈdaɪə.mənd / noun (CARDS)

diamonds [ plural or U ] one of the four suits in playing cards, shown by one or more red symbols in the shape of a diamond:

the six/jack of diamonds

[ C ] a playing card from the suit of diamonds:

She played a diamond.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

diamond

[da͟ɪ͟əmənd]
 diamonds
 1) N-VAR A diamond is a hard, bright, precious stone which is clear and colourless. Diamonds are used in jewellery and for cutting very hard substances.
  ...a pair of diamond earrings.
  ...a sphere made of diamond without impurity or flaw.
 2) N-PLURAL Diamonds are jewellery such as necklaces and rings which have diamonds set into them.
  Nicole loves wearing her diamonds, even with jeans and a white T-shirt.
 3) N-COUNT A diamond is a shape with four straight sides of equal length where the opposite angles are the same, but none of the angles is equal to 90°.
  ...forming his hands into the shape of a diamond.
 4) N-UNCOUNT-COLL Diamonds is one of the four suits of cards in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more red symbols in the shape of a diamond.
  He drew the seven of diamonds.
 N-COUNT
 A diamond is a playing card of this suit.
 5) N-COUNT In baseball, the diamond is the diamond-shaped area of the playing field between the four bases.

 

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1di·a·mond /ˈdaɪmənd/ noun, pl -monds
1 : a very hard usually colorless stone that is a form of carbon and is used especially in jewelry

[count]

• a necklace studded with diamonds and rubies
• Her husband gave her a diamond [=a diamond ring] for her birthday.

[noncount]

• The ruby was surrounded by a ring of diamond.
- often used before another noun
• a diamond mine/ring
- see color picture 
2 [count] : a shape that is formed by four equal straight lines and that has two opposite angles that are smaller than a right angle and two opposite angles that are larger than a right angle
• The children cut the fabric into diamonds.
- compare square
3 a [count] : a playing card that is marked with a red diamond shape
• one heart, two diamonds, and two clubs
- see picture at playing card
b diamonds [plural] : the suit in a deck of playing cards that is marked by red diamond shapes
• He played the queen of diamonds.
- compare club, heart, spade
4 [count]
a : the part of a baseball field that includes the area within and around the three bases and home plate : infield
• The infielders warmed up by throwing the ball around the diamond.
b : the entire playing field in baseball
• It's sad to see the town's old baseball diamond deserted.

memory

memory [noun] (EVENT REMEMBERED)

omething that you remember from the past

US /ˈmem.ər.i/ 
UK /ˈmem.ər.i/ 

خاطره‌، يادبود

مثال: 

I have vivid memories of that evening.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

memory

 noun (plural memories)

1 the ability to remember things:
Ruth's got a very good memory – she never forgets people's names.

2 something that you remember:
I have very happy memories of that holiday.

3 the part of a computer that holds information

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

memory

memory S2 W1 /ˈmeməri/ BrE AmE noun (plural memories)
[Word Family: noun: ↑memorial, ↑memory, ↑memo, ↑memoir, ↑memorabilia, ↑memorandum; adjective: ↑memorable, ↑memorial, ↑immemorial; verb: ↑memorize, ↑memorialize; adverb: ↑memorably]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: memorie, from Latin memoria, from memor 'remembering']
1. ABILITY TO REMEMBER [uncountable and countable] someone’s ability to remember things, places, experiences etc
memory for
She has a terrible memory for names.
from memory
The pianist played the whole piece from memory.
in your memory
The image has remained in my memory ever since.
2. SOMETHING YOU REMEMBER [countable usually plural] something that you remember from the past about a person, place, or experience
memory of
She talked about her memories of the war.
He has lots of happy memories of his stay in Japan.
When I saw the pictures, the memories came flooding back (=I suddenly had many memories about something).
3. COMPUTER
a) [countable] the part of a computer where information can be stored:
The data is stored in the computer’s memory.
b) [uncountable] the amount of space that can be used for storing information on a computer:
128 Mb of memory
Personal computers now have much increased memory capacity.
4. in/within memory during the time that people can remember:
the worst floods in living memory (=since the earliest time that people now alive can remember)
It’s certainly the best England team in recent memory.
The disaster was within the memory of many men still working at the station.
5. in memory of somebody if something is done or made in memory of someone, it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after they have died:
a statue in memory of those who died in the war
She set up a charitable fund in her father’s memory.
6. sb’s memory the way you remember someone who has died:
She died over 40 years ago but her memory lives on (=people still remember her).
to sb’s memory
There’s a bench to his memory in the local park.
7. a walk/trip down memory lane when you spend some time remembering the past:
She returned to her old school yesterday for a trip down memory lane.
8. sb’s memory is playing tricks on them spoken used to say that someone is remembering things wrongly:
My memory must be playing tricks on me; I’m sure I put that book on the desk.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 1)
■ adjectives
good/excellent I wish my memory was as good as yours.
bad/poor/terrible A student with a poor memory may struggle in school.
short-term memory (=your ability to remember things that you have just seen, heard, or done) The drug can damage your short-term memory.
long-term memory (=your ability to remember things that happened a long time ago) Most people's long-term memory is limited.
visual memory (=your ability to remember things you have seen) Poor spellers often have a weak visual memory.
a photographic memory (=the ability to remember every detail of things that you have seen) Unless you have a photographic memory, you forget half of what you read as soon as you close the book.
■ verbs
remain/stay/stick in your memory (=be remembered for a long time) That day will remain in my memory forever.
refresh/jog your memory (=help someone to remember something) Perhaps this photograph will refresh your memory?
lose your memory (=become unable to remember things that happened in the past) The blow on the head caused him to lose his memory.
commit something to memory formal (=make yourself remember something) I've already committed his name to memory.
■ phrases
have a short memory (=if you have a short memory, you soon forget things) Voters have short memories.
have a long memory (=if you have a long memory, you remember things for a long time) He has a long memory for people who have let him down.
have a memory like a sieve (=forget things very easily) I'm sorry, I have a memory like a sieve. I forgot you were coming today!
loss of memory/memory loss (=when you cannot remember things) The condition can cause dizziness and memory loss.
a lapse of memory/a memory lapse (=when you cannot remember something for a short time) The alcohol seemed to make him suffer lapses of memory.
if my memory serves (me correctly/right) (=used to say that you are almost certain you have remembered something correctly) If my memory serves me correctly, Johnson was also there.
something is etched in your memory (=it is impossible to forget) The date was etched in my memory.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + memory
good/bad etc memories He left school with good memories of his time there.
happy/unhappy memories Many people have unhappy memories of being forced to play team sports.
fond memories (=about someone or something you like) She had fond memories of her aunt and uncle.
a painful memory (=very upsetting) He sobbed as he relived the painful memory.
a vivid memory (=very clear and detailed) I have vivid memories of that summer.
a clear memory I have a clear memory of the first time I met David.
a dim/distant memory (=not clear, from a long time ago) He had only dim memories of his father, who had died when he was four.
a vague memory (=not clear) I have a vague memory of visiting them when I was small.
a childhood memory Going to the farm brought back happy childhood memories.
somebody's earliest memory My earliest memory is of being bitten by a dog.
an abiding/enduring/lasting memory (=that you will always have) The children's abiding memory of their father is of his patience and gentleness.
■ verbs
have a/have no memory of something (=remember/not remember something) She had no memory of the accident.
relive a memory (=talk about past events so you remember them again) Seeing her again was an excuse to relive old memories.
bring back memories (also rekindle/revive memories formal) (=make you remember something) For many older people, the film brought back memories of the war.
memories come flooding back (=you suddenly remember things clearly) Evelyn hugged her daughter, as memories came flooding back to her.
a memory fades (=becomes less clear and accurate) Write down how you felt before the memory fades.
■ phrases
a place is full of memories (=makes you remember things that happened there) My old home is full of unhappy memories.
be haunted by the memory of something (=be unable to forget something unhappy) He is haunted by memories of his unhappy childhood.
shudder/wince at the memory of something (=be upset by remembering something) She shuddered at the memory of her parents fighting.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

memory

mem·ory [memory memories]   [ˈmeməri]    [ˈmeməri]  (pl. mem·ories) noun

ABILITY TO REMEMBER
1. countable, uncountable ~ (for sth) your ability to remember things
I have a bad memory for names.
People have short memories (= they soon forget).
He had a long memory for people who had disappointed him.
She can recite the whole poem from memory.
He suffered loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
Are you sure? Memory can play tricks on you.
I quickly committed the number of the car to memory (= learned and remembered it).

• The drugs had a severe effect on her short-term memory.

2. uncountable the period of time that sb is able to remember events
There hasn't been peace in the country in/within my memory.
• It was the worst storm in recent memory.

• This hasn't happened in living memory (= nobody alive now can remember it happening).  

 

STH YOU REMEMBER

3. countable a thought of sth that you remember from the past
Syn:  recollection
childhood memories
I have vivid memories of my grandparents.
• What is your earliest memory?

• The photos bring back lots of good memories.

4. uncountable (formal) what is remembered about sb after they have died
Her memory lives on (= we still remember her).

• Their behaviour insults the memory of those who died for this country.  

 

COMPUTING

5. countable, uncountable the part of a computer where information is stored; the amount of space in a computer for storing information
Have you got enough memory available to run the program?
see also  RAM 
more at be etched on your heart/memory/mind at  etch, jog sb's memory at  jog  v., refresh your/sb's memory at  refresh, have a memory/mind like a sieve at  sieve  n.
Idioms: if memory serves me well/correctly  in memory of somebody  the memory of somebody  
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French memorie, from Latin memoria, from memor ‘mindful, remembering’.  
Thesaurus:
memory noun C, U
I have a bad memory for names.
happy memories of childhood
recallremniscencemind|formal recollectionremembrance
a memory/remniscence/recollection of sb/sth
in memory/remembrance of sb/sth
a vague/vivid/clear memory/recollection

have a …memory/recall/recollection

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

memory / ˈmem. ə r.i /   / -ɚ- / noun [ C ] (EVENT REMEMBERED)

B1 something that you remember from the past:

I have vivid memories of that evening.

That tune really brings back memories (= makes me remember past events) .

School is just a dim/distant memory for me now (= something I cannot remember very well) .

Word partners for memory (ABILITY TO REMEMBER)

have a bad / good memory • have a long / short memory • have a selective memory • lose your memory • sth fades from memory • sth lingers in / remains in the memory • memory impairment / loss • a memory lapse

Word partners for memory (EVENT REMEMBERED)

bad / bitter / painful / unhappy memories • fond / good / happy memories • a clear / vivid memory • a hazy / vague memory • a childhood memory • sth brings back / rekindles / revives memories • memories come flooding back • a memory of sth
 

memory / ˈmem. ə r.i /   / -ɚ- / noun [ C or U ] (ABILITY TO REMEMBER)

B1 the ability to remember information, experiences, and people:

a good/bad memory

After the accident he suffered from loss of memory/memory loss .

She has an excellent memory for names (= she can remember names easily) .

Word partners for memory (ABILITY TO REMEMBER)

have a bad / good memory • have a long / short memory • have a selective memory • lose your memory • sth fades from memory • sth lingers in / remains in the memory • memory impairment / loss • a memory lapse

Word partners for memory (EVENT REMEMBERED)

bad / bitter / painful / unhappy memories • fond / good / happy memories • a clear / vivid memory • a hazy / vague memory • a childhood memory • sth brings back / rekindles / revives memories • memories come flooding back • a memory of sth

 

memory / ˈmem. ə r.i /   / -ɚ- / noun [ C usually singular , U ] (COMPUTER)

A2 the part of a computer in which information or programs are stored either permanently or temporarily, or the amount of space available on it for storing information:

My computer has a gigabyte of memory.

Word partners for memory (ABILITY TO REMEMBER)

have a bad / good memory • have a long / short memory • have a selective memory • lose your memory • sth fades from memory • sth lingers in / remains in the memory • memory impairment / loss • a memory lapse

Word partners for memory (EVENT REMEMBERED)

bad / bitter / painful / unhappy memories • fond / good / happy memories • a clear / vivid memory • a hazy / vague memory • a childhood memory • sth brings back / rekindles / revives memories • memories come flooding back • a memory of sth

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

memory

[me̱məri]
 memories
 1) N-VAR: oft poss N Your memory is your ability to remember things.
  All the details of the meeting are fresh in my memory...
  He'd a good memory for faces, and he was sure he hadn't seen her before...
  But locals with long memories thought this was fair revenge for the injustice of 1961...
  Two major areas in which mentally retarded children require help are memory and attention.
 2) N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N of n A memory is something that you remember from the past.
  She cannot bear to watch the film because of the bad memories it brings back...
  Her earliest memory is of singing at the age of four to wounded soldiers...
  He had happy memories of his father.
 3) N-COUNT A computer's memory is the part of the computer where information is stored, especially for a short time before it is transferred to disks or magnetic tapes. [TECHNICAL]
  The data are stored in the computer's memory.
 4) N-SING: usu with poss, also in N of n If you talk about the memory of someone who has died, especially someone who was loved or respected, you are referring to the thoughts, actions, and ceremonies by which they are remembered.
  She remained devoted to his memory...
  The congress opened with a minute's silence in memory of those who died in the struggle.
 5) PHRASE: PHR after v If you do something from memory, for example speak the words of a poem or play a piece of music, you do it without looking at it, because you know it very well.
  Many members of the church sang from memory...
  Children write down the word, cover it up and then try to spell it from memory.
 6) PHRASE: n/adj PHR, usu with adj-superl/brd-neg (emphasis) If you say that something is, for example, the best, worst, or first thing of its kind in living memory, you are emphasizing that it is the only thing of that kind that people can remember.
  The floods are the worst in living memory...
  No-one in living memory has come back from that place alive.
 7) PHRASE: V inflects If you lose your memory, you forget things that you used to know.
  His illness caused him to lose his memory.
 8) commit something to memorysee commit

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

memory

mem·o·ry /ˈmɛməri/ noun, pl -ries
1 : the power or process of remembering what has been learned

[count]

• He began to lose his memory as he grew older.
• He has an excellent memory for faces. [=he is very good at remembering faces]
• Those people have long memories. [=they remember things that happened long ago]
• She has a short memory. [=she forgets things quickly]
• Dad has a selective memory: he remembers the times he was right and forgets the times he was wrong.

[noncount]

• They claim that these pills can improve (the) memory.
• short-term/long-term memory
• He committed the speech to memory. [=he memorized the speech]
If memory serves (me rightly/correctly), his name is John. [=if I remember accurately, his name is John]
- see also photographic memory
2 a [count] : something that is remembered
• We have pleasant memories of the trip.
• trying to repress bitter/painful memories
• childhood memories
• His name evokes memories of a happier time.
• That time is just a dim/faint memory to me now.
b [noncount] : the things learned and kept in the mind
• The happiness of those times is still vivid in my memory.
• Her name has faded from memory.
• I seem to have very little memory of that time in my life.
• Her name has faded from my memory. [=I cannot remember her name]
• That tragic day has become part of our collective memory. [=it is something that we all remember]
• He has no memory of what happened. [=he does not remember what happened]
• I can't remember exactly how much it costs. Could you refresh my memory? [=remind me]
• The sudden shock jogged his memory and everything came flooding back into his mind.
3 [count] : the things that are remembered about a person who has died
• Even though he is no longer with us, his memory lives on. [=we still remember him]
4 : the period of time that a person can remember

[count]

- usually singular
• These events occurred within their memory. [=occurred during the time that they can remember]

[noncount]

• These events occurred within living memory.
• The harbor froze over for the first time in (modern/recent) memory.
5 [noncount] computers
a : capacity for storing information
• a computer with 512MB of memory
• The computer needs more memory.
b : the part of a computer in which information is stored
• information stored in memory
- see also random-access memory
from memory : without reading or looking at notes
• She delivered the speech (entirely) from memory.
• He played the entire piece from memory.
• She can recite from memory the capitals of all the states of the U.S.
in memory of or in someone's memory : made or done to honor someone who has died
• The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in battle on this field.
• He donated the painting in his wife's memory.
memory lane
✦If you take a stroll/trip/walk (etc.) down memory lane, you think or talk about pleasant things from the past.
• We took a stroll down memory lane, talking about our time at school together.

reality

reality [noun]

the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be

US /riˈæl.ə.t̬i/ 
UK /riˈæl.ə.ti/ 

واقعيت‌، حقيقت

مثال: 

He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

reality

 noun (no plural)
the way that something really is, not how you would like it to be:
I enjoyed my holiday, but now it's back to reality.
She looked very confident but in reality she was extremely nervous.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

reality

reality S2 W2 /riˈæləti, riˈælɪti/ BrE AmE noun (plural realities)
[Word Family: noun: ↑realism, ↑realist, ↑reality, ↑unreality, ↑realization; adverb: ↑real, ↑really, ↑realistically ≠ ↑unrealistically; adjective: ↑real, ↑unreal, ↑realistic ≠ ↑unrealistic; verb: ↑realize]
1. [uncountable and countable] what actually happens or is true, not what is imagined or thought:
the distinction between fantasy and reality
TV is used as an escape from reality.
I think the government has lost touch with reality (=no longer understands what is real or true).
political realities
harsh/grim/stark reality
Millions of people live with the harsh realities of unemployment.
the reality is that
The reality is that young people will not go into teaching until salaries are higher.
The paperless office may one day become a reality.
2. in reality used to say that something is different from what people think:
In reality, violent crimes are still extremely rare.
3. [uncountable] the fact that something exists or is happening:
She had never accepted the reality of her pregnancy.
⇨ ↑virtual reality
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ adjectives
the harsh/grim/stark reality (=conditions that are really very bad) We want to protect our children from the harsh reality of our violent world.
political/social/economic realities He's ignoring political realities.
■ verbs
face reality (=accept it) It's painful, but you have to face reality.
confront a reality (=consider or deal with it) They had to confront some unpleasant realities about themselves.
ignore a reality They are ignoring the reality of Arab politics.
wake up to reality (=realize what is happening or real) Well, they need to wake up to reality.
lose touch with reality (=no longer know about ordinary things or what is possible) If all you have is the show-business world, you kind of lose touch with reality.
escape from reality The programmes help viewers escape from reality.
bring somebody back to reality (=make them realize what is happening around them or true) She was brought back to reality by the pain in her ankle.
become a reality (=really happen, after being hoped for, feared, etc by someone) Last June, her longed-for baby finally became a reality.
reflect reality (=match or show what is really happening or true) Do these novels accurately reflect contemporary reality?
bear no relation to reality (=not match what is really happening or true) His vision of European politics bears no relation to reality.
be divorced from reality (=not connected in any way to what is really happening) His ideas are completely divorced from reality.
■ phrases
a dose of reality (=an experience of what things are really like) I got my first dose of reality when I reported to work at my new job.
somebody's grasp of reality (=their understanding of reality) They portrayed her as a sick woman with only a tenuous grasp of reality.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

reality

real·ity [reality realities]   [riˈæləti]    [riˈæləti]  noun (pl. real·ities)
1. uncountable the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be
She refuses to face reality.
You're out of touch with reality.
• The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.

• They seemed to have the perfect marriage but the reality was very different.

2. countable a thing that is actually experienced or seen, in contrast to what people might imagine
the harsh realities of life
This decision reflects the realities of the political situation.
• The paperless office is still far from being a reality.

• Will time travel ever become a reality?

3. uncountable ~ television/TV/shows/series/contestants television/shows, etc. that use real people (not actors) in real situations, presented as entertainment
a reality TV star
the reality show ‘Big Brother’
see also  virtual reality
Idiom: in reality  
Word Origin:
late 15th cent.: via French from medieval Latin realitas, from late Latin realis ‘relating to things’, from Latin res ‘thing’.  
Thesaurus:
reality noun U
Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality was very nervous.
factthe truthreal lifethe real world
Opp: fantasy
in reality/fact/real life/the real world
face/accept/ignore reality/the fact/the truth 
Example Bank:
He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality.
He has no illusions about the underlying reality of army life.
Her parents always tried to shield her from the realities of the world.
I don't think he understands the reality of the situation.
I don't think you have quite grasped the realities of our situation!
It's our task to make the proposals a reality.
It's time for a reality check: are these goals really achievable?
Most comedy relies on distorting reality.
Most people's ideas of the disease do not have much to do with the reality.
One day her dream will become a reality.
Painters at the time were largely concerned with reproducing external reality.
She will have to face reality sooner or later.
The director creates a believable, gritty reality.
The media portray her as happy and successful, but in reality she has a difficult life.
The movie portrays a kind of alternate reality.
The novel describes the harsh realities of racism and life on the road.
They are out of touch with the realities of modern warfare.
We were faced with the awful reality of having nowhere to live.
a book that captures the reality of life during wartime
the harsh economic realities of life as a student
the practical realities of running a children's home
the use of virtual reality in computer games
• She refuses to face reality.

• You're out of touch with reality.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

reality / riˈæl.ɪ.ti /   / -ə.t̬i / noun

B2 [ S or U ] the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be:

The reality of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon, the youth centre will have to close.

He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.

He seemed very young, but he was in reality (= in fact) older than all of us.

B2 [ C ] a fact:

The book confronts the harsh social and political realities of the world today.

Her childhood ambition became a reality (= happened in fact) when she was made a judge.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

reality

[riæ̱lɪti]
 ♦♦
 realities

 1) N-UNCOUNT You use reality to refer to real things or the real nature of things rather than imagined, invented, or theoretical ideas.
 → See also virtual reality
  Fiction and reality were increasingly blurred...
  Psychiatrists become too caught up in their theories to deal adequately with reality.
  Ant:
  fiction
 2) N-COUNT: usu the N of n The reality of a situation is the truth about it, especially when it is unpleasant or difficult to deal with.
  ...the harsh reality of top international competition...
  Other psychoanalysts do accept the reality of child sexual abuse.
 3) N-SING You say that something has become a reality when it actually exists or is actually happening.
  ...the whole procedure that made this book become a reality...
  The reality is that they are poor.
 4) PHRASE: PHR with cl You can use in reality to introduce a statement about the real nature of something, when it contrasts with something incorrect that has just been described.
  He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.
  Syn:
  in fact

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1re·al·i·ty /riˈæləti/ noun, pl -ties
1 [noncount] : the true situation that exists : the real situation
• He refused to face/accept reality. [=the truth]
• the difference between fiction/fantasy and reality
• She's out of touch with reality. [=she does not know what is really true]
• The reality is that we can't afford to buy a house.
• He used television as an escape from reality.
2 [count] : something that actually exists or happens : a real event, occurrence, situation, etc.
• The movie shows the harsh/grim/stark realities of war. [=the things that really happen in a war]
• Her dream of competing in the Olympics became a reality. [=she competed in the Olympics, as she had dreamed of doing]
• They made the plan a reality.
- see also virtual reality
in reality : in truth - used to stress that something is true or real especially when it is different from what was believed or expected
• They talked as if they had accomplished a lot, but in reality they did very little.
In reality, she was 15 years younger than she looked.

posse

posse [noun]

a group of people who have come together for the same purpose

US /ˈpɑː.si/ 
UK /ˈpɒs.i/ 

دسته، گروه

مثال: 

The disgraced minister walked swiftly from the car to his house pursued by a whole posse of reporters.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

posse

posse /ˈpɒsi $ ˈpɑːsi/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: posse comitatus 'power of the county']
1. informal a group of the same kind of people
posse of
I was surrounded by a posse of photographers.
2. a group of men gathered together by a ↑sheriff (=local law officer) in the US in past times to help catch a criminal
3. American English informal
a) someone’s group of friends – used especially by young people
b) a group of friends from a particular place who share an interest in ↑rap, HIP-HOP, or ↑house music SYN massive British English

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

posse

posse [posse posses]   [ˈpɒsi]    [ˈpɑːsi]  noun
1. (informal) a group of people who are similar in some way, or who spend time together

• a little posse of helpers

 

2. (in the US in the past) a group of people who were brought together by a sheriff (= an officer of the law) in order to help him catch a criminal

3. (informal) a group of young men involved in crime connected with drugs 
Word Origin:
mid 17th cent.: from medieval Latin, literally power, from Latin posse ‘be able’.  
Example Bank:
• He was sat at a corner table and surrounded by a posse of attentive waiters.

• She arrived at the theatre followed by the usual press posse.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

posse / ˈpɒs.i /   / ˈpɑː.si / noun [ C , + sing/pl verb ]

a group of people who have come together for the same purpose:

The disgraced minister walked swiftly from the car to his house pursued by a whole posse of reporters.

in the past, a group of men in the US who were brought together to catch a criminal:

The sheriff rounded up a posse and went after the bank robbers.

slang a group of friends:

I was hanging with my posse.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

posse

[pɒ̱si]
 posses
 1) N-COUNT: N of n A posse of people is a group of people with the same job or purpose. [INFORMAL]
  He refused to engage in conversation with a posse of reporters when leaving Belmont...
  A posse of Marsh's friends persuaded them that this was a bad idea.
  Syn:
  group
 2) N-COUNT In former times, in the United States, a posse was a group of men who were brought together by the local law officer to help him chase and capture a criminal.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

posse

pos·se /ˈpɑːsi/ noun, pl -ses [count]
1 : a group of people who were gathered together by a sheriff in the past to help search for a criminal
• The sheriff and his posse rode out to look for the bandits.
2 informal : a group of people who are together for a particular purpose - often + of
• A posse of reporters greeted the coach.
3 informal : a group of friends : gang
• I went to the game with my posse.
• The movie star and his posse [=(more formally) entourage] were seen at the new restaurant.

media

media [noun] (NEWSPAPER)

the internet, newspapers, magazines, television, etc., considered as a group

US /ˈmiː.di.ə/ 
UK /ˈmiː.di.ə/ 

رسانه های گروهی (خصوصاً تلویزیون،رادیو و روزنامه)

مثال: 

the local/national media

Oxford Essential Dictionary

media

 noun (no plural)

the media television, radio and newspapers:
The media always takes a great interest in the royal family.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

media

media S2 W2 AC /ˈmiːdiə/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Plural of ↑medium2]
1. the media all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work:
The scandal was widely reported in the national media.
The role of the news media in forming public opinion is very important.
The 11-day trial generated intense media interest.
A great deal of media hype surrounded the release of the group’s latest CD.
There will be another war somewhere else and the whole international media circus will move on.
GRAMMAR
People sometimes use a singular verb after media but it is better to use a plural verb:
▪ The media were widely distrusted.
2. the plural of ↑medium ⇨ ↑mass media, ↑multimedia
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + media
the national/local media The case received enormous publicity in the national media.
the news media Does the news media have a role in forming public opinion?
the mass media (=television, newspapers etc, which are seen by many people) The mass media has helped to call attention to environmental issues.
the mainstream/popular media (=television, newspapers etc, that most people are able to see or read) Few of these events were reported in the mainstream media.
■ media + NOUN
media attention/coverage/interest etc The tragedy received worldwide media attention.
a media campaign (=when something is deliberately reported or advertised in the media a lot) a media campaign aimed at reducing drunk driving
a media blitz (=when something is deliberately reported or advertised in the media a lot, in a small amount of time) The candidate’s media blitz has certainly raised his profile in the election.
media hype (=when the media give something too much attention and try to make it seem more important or better than it really is) the media hype surrounding the match against France
a media circus (=a disapproving phrase for all the people from the media who report events, and all the attention they give to these events) There is likely to be a media circus outside the courtroom.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

media

media AW [media mediae]   [ˈmiːdiə]    [ˈmiːdiə]  noun
1. the media uncountable + singular or plural verb the main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that is television, radio, newspapers and the Internet
the news/broadcasting/national media
The trial was fully reported in the media.
The media was/were accused of influencing the final decision.
Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage.
• He became a media star for his part in the protests.

see also  mass media, new media

2. pl. of  medium  
Thesaurus:
the
media noun sing.+ sing./pl. v.
The media was accused of influencing the decision.
the presscoveragereportingjournalism|formal reportage
in/by the media/press
(the) mainstream media/press/coverage/reporting/journalism
the national/local/free/foreign media/press 
Example Bank:
Music has been turned into a series of media events.
One story has dominated the media this week.
She's very different from her media image.
Some blame the media for propagating negative stereotypes.
The company is anxious to play down the media hype.
The event was widely covered by the mass media.
The local media reported rioting across the country.
The two gangsters were media darlings in the 60s.
Their PR officer handles TV, radio, and print media interviews.
There is a perception that the government controls the media.
There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding.
They believe that the media is biased against them.
• They broadcast streaming media to PCs.

• propaganda through the media

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

media / ˈmiː.di.ə / noun (NEWSPAPERS)

the media B2 [ S , + sing/pl verb ] the internet, newspapers, magazines, television, etc., considered as a group:

the local/national media

media attention/coverage/hype/reports

The issue has been much discussed in the media.

→  See also multimedia

 

media / ˈmiː.di.ə / noun (MEDIUM)

plural of medium noun (METHOD)

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

media

[mi͟ːdiə]
 ♦♦
 1) N-SING-COLL: the N You can refer to television, radio, newspapers, and magazines as the media.
 → See also mass media, multimedia
  It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media...
  They are wondering whether bias in the news media contributed to the president's defeat...
  Media coverage of cycling in July was pretty impressive.
 2) Media is a plural of medium.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

media
 

2me·dia /ˈmiːdijə/ noun [plural]
1 : the radio stations, television stations, and newspapers through which information is communicated to the public : mass media
• The event attracted a lot of attention from the media. = The event attracted a lot of media attention.
• the news media
- sometimes used with a singular verb
• He feels that the media is ignoring this important issue.
2 chiefly US : people who work as news reporters, publishers, and broadcasters : members of the media
• The event attracted a lot of media.
• a large crowd of media

social media

social media [noun]

websites and computer programs that allow people to communicate and share information on the internet using a computer or mobile phone

US /ˌsoʊ.ʃəl ˈmiː.di.ə/ 
UK /ˌsəʊ.ʃəl ˈmiː.di.ə/ 

شبکه‌های اجتماعی

مثال: 

Companies are increasingly making use of social media in order to market their goods.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

social ˈmedia 
BrE  ; NAmE  
[uncountable, plural]
websites and software programs used for social networking Companies need to invest in social media to make it work for them.
 social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter 
Social media are changing the way people communicate, work, and shop.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

ˌ social ˈ media noun [ U or plural ]

websites and computer programs that allow people to communicate and share information on the internet using a computer or mobile phone :

Companies are increasingly making use of social media in order to market their goods.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

French fries

French fries [noun]

long, thin pieces of fried potato

سيب‌ زمينى‌ سرخ‌ كرده‌

مثال: 

I’d like a hamburger and French fries.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

chips

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

French fries

French fries plural noun (ALSO fries) MAINLY US
long thin pieces of fried potato

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

ˌ French ˈ fries noun [ plural ] ( also fries ) mainly US

long, thin pieces of fried potato

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

French fries

 N-PLURAL
 French fries are long, thin pieces of potato fried in oil or fat.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

french fry
 

french fry or French fry noun, pl ~ fries [count] chiefly US : a long, thin piece of potato that is fried in deep fat - called also (Brit) chip, (US) fry,

veggie

veggie [noun]

UK informal a vegetarian noun, US and Australian English informal a vegetable

US /ˈvedʒ.i/ 
UK /ˈvedʒ.i/ 

غیر رسمی vegetarian

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

veggie

I. veggie1 /ˈvedʒi/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1900-2000; Origin: vegetable]
1. a ↑vegetarian
2. American English a ↑vegetable:
fresh veggies

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

veggie

 

▪ I. veg·gie [veggie veggies]   [ˈvedʒi]    [ˈvedʒi]  noun (informal)
1. (BrE) =  vegetarian

• He's turned veggie (= become a vegetarian ).

2. (especially NAmE) =  vegetable  
Word Origin:

1970s: abbreviation.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

veggie / ˈvedʒ.i / noun [ C ] ( also veggy )

UK informal a vegetarian noun

US and Australian English informal a vegetable

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

veggie

[ve̱ʤi]
 veggies
 1) ADJ Veggie means the same as vegetarian. [mainly BRIT, INFORMAL]
  You can cook a cheap veggie chilli in 15 minutes...
  Going veggie can be tasty, easy and healthy too.
 N-COUNT
 A veggie is someone who is vegetarian.
 2) N-COUNT: usu pl Veggies are plants such as cabbages, potatoes, and onions which you can cook and eat. [mainly AM, INFORMAL]
  ...well-balanced meals of fresh fruit and veggies, chicken, fish, pasta, and no red meat.(in BRIT, usually use veg)

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

veggie

veg·gie /ˈvɛʤi/ noun, pl -gies [count] informal
1 chiefly US : vegetable 1
• Eat your veggies.
• fresh veggies
2 chiefly Brit : vegetarian
• The restaurant is popular with veggies.

sandwich

sandwich [noun]

two pieces of bread, sometimes spread with butter or margarine, and with some other usually cold food between them

US /ˈsæn.wɪtʃ/ 
UK /ˈsæn.wɪdʒ/ 

ساندويچ

مثال: 

a tuna/ham sandwich

Oxford Essential Dictionary

sandwich

 noun (plural sandwiches)
two pieces of bread with other food between them:
a cheese sandwich

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

sandwich

I. sandwich1 S2 /ˈsænwɪdʒ $ ˈsændwɪtʃ, ˈsænwɪtʃ/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Earl of Sandwich (1718-92), who ate sandwiches so that he could continue gambling without leaving the table]

1. [countable] two pieces of bread with cheese, meat, cooked egg etc between them:
a ham sandwich
2. [countable] British English a cake consisting of two layers with ↑jam and cream between them:
a raspberry sponge sandwich
⇨ ↑club sandwich, ↑open sandwich

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sandwich

 

sand·wich [sandwich sandwiches sandwiched sandwiching] noun, verb   [ˈsænwɪtʃ]    [ˈsænwɪtʃ]    [ˈsænwɪdʒ]    [ˈsænwɪdʒ] 

 

noun
1. (also BrE informal sar·nie) two slices of bread, often spread with butter, with a layer of meat, cheese, etc. between them
a cheese sandwich
a sandwich bar (= a place that sells sandwiches )

see also  club sandwich, open sandwich

2. (BrE) (in compounds) a sponge cake consisting of two layers with jam and/or cream between them
a chocolate sponge sandwich
a sandwich tin (= for baking such a cake in)  
Word Origin:
mid 18th cent.: named after the 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–92), an English nobleman said to have eaten food in this form so as not to leave the gaming table.  
Example Bank:
He made two rounds of tuna sandwiches.
What would you like in your sandwich?
• a peanut butter and jelly sandwich

Derived: sandwich A and B together  sandwich somebody between somebody 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

sandwich / ˈsæn.wɪdʒ /   / -wɪtʃ / noun [ C ]

sandwich

A1 two pieces of bread, sometimes spread with butter or margarine, and with some other usually cold food between them:

a tuna/ham sandwich

a toasted sandwich

a sandwich bar/box

sandwich fillings

( also sandwich cake ) UK a cake consisting of two thin, round layers with a filling such as cream between them:

a jam and cream sandwich

a Victoria sandwich

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

sandwich

[sæ̱nwɪʤ, -wɪtʃ]
 sandwiches, sandwiching, sandwiched
 1) N-COUNT A sandwich usually consists of two slices of bread with a layer of food such as cheese or meat between them.
  ...a ham sandwich.
 2) VERB If you sandwich two things together with something else, you put that other thing between them. If you sandwich one thing between two other things, you put it between them.
  [V pl-n together] Carefully split the sponge ring, then sandwich the two halves together with whipped cream...
  [V n between pl-n] When you write, avoid sandwiching the bad news between an irrelevant, indirect, or overly cushioned beginning and end.
 3) → See also sandwiched

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1sand·wich /ˈsændˌwɪʧ, Brit ˈsænˌwɪʤ/ noun, pl -wich·es [count]
1 : two pieces of bread with something (such as meat, peanut butter, etc.) between them
• I had a ham sandwich for lunch.
• a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
- see also club sandwich, open-faced sandwich
2 : two or more cookies, crackers, or slices of cake with something between them
• (chiefly US) an ice-cream sandwich [=two cookies with ice cream between them]

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