American English

envy

envy [verb]

to wish that you had something that another person has

US /ˈen.vi/ 
UK /ˈen.vi/ 

حسادت کردن، غبطه خوردن

مثال: 

I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

envy

 noun (no plural)
a sad or angry feeling of wanting what another person has same meaning jealousy:
I couldn't hide my envy of her success.
They looked with envy at her new clothes.

>> envy verb (envies, envying, envied /, has envied) :
I envy you! You always seem so happy!

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

envy

I. envy1 /ˈenvi/ BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle envied, present participle envying, third person singular envies) [transitive]
1. to wish that you had someone else’s possessions, abilities etc:
I really envy you and Ian, you seem so happy together.
She has a lifestyle which most people would envy.
envy somebody something
He envied Rosalind her youth and strength.
2. I don’t envy you/her etc spoken used to say that you are glad that you are not in the bad situation that someone else is in

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb (en·vies, envy·ing, en·vied, en·vied)
1. to wish you had the same qualities, possessions, opportunities, etc. as sb else
~ sb He envied her— she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
~ sth She has always envied my success.
~ sb sth I envied him his good looks.

~ sb doing sth I envy you having such a close family.

2. to be glad that you do not have to do what sb else has to do
not ~ sb It's a difficult situation you're in. I don't envy you.
not ~ sb sth I don't envy her that job.
Verb forms:
 
Word Origin:
Middle English (also in the sense ‘hostility, enmity’): from Old French envie (noun), envier (verb), from Latin invidia, from invidere ‘regard maliciously, grudge’, from in- ‘into’ + videre ‘to see’.  
Example Bank:
I secretly envied her for her good looks.
• I don't envy Ed that job.

• She had always envied my success.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

envy / ˈen.vi / verb [ T ]

B2 to wish that you had something that another person has:

I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before.

[ + two objects ] I don't envy you the job of cooking for all those people.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

envy

[e̱nvi]
 envies, envying, envied
 1) N-UNCOUNT Envy is the feeling you have when you wish you could have the same thing or quality that someone else has.
  Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his mother...
  They gazed in a mixture of envy and admiration at the beauty of the statue.
 2) VERB If you envy someone, you wish that you had the same things or qualities that they have.
  [V n] I don't envy the young ones who've become TV superstars and know no other world...
  [V n] I have a rich brother and a lot of people envy the fact...
  [V n n] He envied Caroline her peace...
  [V n n] `You must've seen the world by now,' said Frannie, `I envy you that.'
 3) N-SING: the N of n If a thing or quality is the envy of someone, they wish very much that they could have or achieve it.
  Britain is now the envy of the world's record companies.
  ...an economic expansion that was the envy of many other states.
 4) green with envysee green

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

envy
 

2envy verb -vies; -vied; -vy·ing [+ obj] : to feel a desire to have what someone else has : to feel envy because of (someone or something)
• I envy you for your large group of friends.
• They envied his success. = They envied him for his success.
• I envy the way you've made so many friends.
• I don't envy you your dental problems. [=I'm glad that I don't have your dental problems]

 

tomorrow

tomorrow [adverb]

the day after today

US /təˈmɔːr.oʊ/ 
UK /təˈmɒr.əʊ/ 

فردا

مثال: 

I've arranged to see Rachel tomorrow night.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

tomorrow

 adverb, noun (no plural)
the day after today; on the day after today:
Let's go swimming tomorrow.
I'll see you tomorrow morning.
We are going home the day after tomorrow.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

tomorrow

I. tomorrow1 S1 W2 /təˈmɒrəʊ $ -ˈmɔːroʊ, -ˈmɑː-/ BrE AmE adverb
[Language: Old English; Origin: to morgen, from to 'to' + morgen 'morning']
on or during the day after today ⇨ yesterday, today:
Our class is going to London tomorrow.
a week from tomorrow (also a week tomorrow/tomorrow week )British English:
Terry’s new job starts a week tomorrow.
tomorrow morning/night etc
We’re meeting tomorrow evening.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

tomorrow

to·mor·row [tomorrow tomorrows] adverb, noun   [təˈmɒrəʊ]    [təˈmɔːroʊ]    [təˈmɑːroʊ] 

adverb
on or during the day after today
I'm off now. See you tomorrow.
She's leaving tomorrow.
(especially BrE) They arrive a week tomorrow/tomorrow week (= after a week, starting from tomorrow).
see jam tomorrow at  jam  n.  
Word Origin:
Middle English (as two words): from the preposition to  + morrow. Compare with today  and tonight.

Idiom: do something as if there's no tomorrow 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

tomorrow / təˈmɒr.əʊ /   / -ˈmɔːr.oʊ / adverb , noun [ U ]

A1 (on) the day after today:

I've arranged to see Rachel tomorrow night.

Oh, leave it till tomorrow.

Is John coming to tomorrow's meeting?

He'll be back tomorrow week /a week tomorrow (= a week from tomorrow) .

C2 used more generally to mean the future:

Today's problem child may be tomorrow's criminal.

We make sacrifices now to give our children a better tomorrow.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

tomorrow

[təmɒ̱roʊ, AM -mɔ͟ːr-]
 tomorrows
 1) ADV: ADV with cl You use tomorrow to refer to the day after today.
  Bye, see you tomorrow...
  The first official results will be announced tomorrow.
 N-UNCOUNT
 Tomorrow is also a noun. What's on your agenda for tomorrow?... Davies plays for the Barbarians in tomorrow's match against England... Tomorrow is Christmas Day.
 2) ADV: ADV with cl You can refer to the future, especially the near future, as tomorrow.
  What is education going to look like tomorrow?
 N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl
 Tomorrow is also a noun. ...tomorrow's computer industry... Experiences in the past become a part of us, affecting our tomorrows.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

2tomorrow adv : on, during, or for the day after today
• I'll finish the housework tomorrow.
• Is it supposed to rain tomorrow?
• He has an interview tomorrow.
Tomorrow we're going fishing.

pace

pace [noun] (SPEED)

the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes

US /peɪs/ 
UK /peɪs/ 

سرعت، روند

مثال: 

For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

 noun

1 (no plural) how fast you do something or how fast something happens:
We started at a steady pace.

2 (plural paces) a step:
Take two paces forward.

keep pace with somebody or something to go as fast as somebody or something:
She couldn't keep pace with the other runners.
 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

pace

I. pace1 W3 /peɪs/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: pas 'step', from Latin passus]
1. SPEED OF EVENTS/CHANGES [singular] the speed at which something happens or is done
pace of
The pace of change in our lives is becoming faster and faster.
at a steady/slow etc pace
Public spending continues to rise at a steady pace.
2. WALK/RUN [singular] the speed at which someone walks, runs, or moves
pace of
You need to step up the pace of your exercises.
at a slow/leisurely/brisk etc pace
Lucy set off at a leisurely pace back to the hotel.
He quickened his pace, longing to be home.
Traffic slowed to a walking pace.
3. STEP [countable] a single step when you are running or walking, or the distance you move in one step
pace backwards/towards/forwards etc
He took a pace towards the door.
Rebecca walked a few paces behind her mum.
4. keep pace (with something/somebody) to change or increase as fast as something else, or to move as fast as someone else:
Salaries have not always kept pace with inflation.
The supply of materials cannot keep pace with demand.
Slow down! I can’t keep pace with you.
5. go through your paces (also show your paces) to show how well you can do something
6. put somebody/something through their paces to make a person, vehicle, animal etc show how well they can do something:
The test driver puts all the cars through their paces.
7. set the pace
a) if a company sets the pace, it does something before its competitors or to a better standard
set the pace in
Japanese firms have been setting the pace in electronic engineering.
b) (also set a brisk/cracking etc pace British English) to go faster than the other competitors in a race, who then try to achieve the same speed:
The Italians set the pace for the first eight laps.
8. force the pace to make something happen or develop more quickly than it would do normally
force the pace on
measures designed to force the pace on alternative energy policies
9. be able to stand the pace to be able to deal with situations where you are very busy and have to think and act very quickly:
If you can stand the pace, working in advertising pays well.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pace
rapid/fast The rapid pace of change creates uncertainty.
slow The pace of life in the countryside is slower.
a steady pace The economy was growing at a slow but steady pace.
at your own pace (=at the pace that suits you) This allows each child to learn at his or her own pace.
at a snail’s pace (=very slowly) Reform is proceeding at a snail’s pace.
a breakneck pace (=extremely fast) Singapore prospered and modernized at a breakneck pace.
a hectic/frantic pace (=a very fast and hurried speed) We worked at a hectic pace.
■ verbs
the pace quickens/accelerates The pace of change is quickening.
the pace slows/slackens After a surge in exports, the pace slackened considerably the following year.
gather pace (=happen more quickly) Support for the campaign is gathering pace.
keep up the pace (=continue to do something or happen as quickly as before) China's society is transforming but can it keep up the pace?
keep up with the pace (=do something as fast as something else is happening or being done) It's essential that we constantly update our skills and keep up with the pace of change.
■ phrases
the pace of change The pace of change accelerated dramatically in the early 1980s.
the pace of life Here, the sun shines every day and the pace of life is slower.
the pace of development The pace of development in computer graphics is amazing.
the pace of reform Some senior party figures favor a slower pace of reform.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'in your own pace' or 'on your own pace'. Say at your own pace.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

noun
1. singular, uncountable the speed at which sb/sth walks, runs or moves
to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace
Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace.
The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill.

• The runners have noticeably quickened their pace.

2. singular, uncountable ~ (of sth) the speed at which sth happens
It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change.
We encourage all students to work at their own pace (= as fast or as slow as they can).
I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.

• Rumours of corruption and scandal gathered pace (= increased in number).

3. countable an act of stepping once when walking or running; the distance travelled when doing this
Syn:  step
She took two paces forward.
• To be a really good runner he needs to lengthen his pace a little.

• Competitors must stand at a distance of 20 paces from each other.

4. uncountable the fact of sth happening, changing, etc. quickly
He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't stand the pace.
The novel lacks pace (= it develops too slowly).
a pace bowler (= in cricket, a person who bowls the ball fast)
see also  pacy 
more at force the pace at  force  v., at a snail's pace at  snail  
Word Origin:
Middle English Old French pas Latin passus ‘stretch (of the leg)’ pandere ‘to stretch’
 
Thesaurus:
pace noun
1. sing., U
We set off at a leisurely pace.
speedratemomentum|written tempo
at a … pace/speed/rate
increase the pace/speed/rate/momentum/tempo
maintain the pace/speed/rate/momentum
2. C
She took two paces forward.
stepstridefootstep
take a few paces/steps/strides back/forward/to sth/towards sth
take a pace/step backwards
take a pace/step/stride 
Example Bank:
He's a skilful player with a good turn of pace.
I set off at a snail's pace to conserve my energy for later in the race.
I stopped a few paces from the edge of the cliff.
I try to get away at weekends for a change of pace.
She kept up a pace of ten miles an hour.
Step back three paces.
Take two paces forward.
The pace of change means that equipment has to be constantly replaced.
The pace of life is much slower on the islands.
The project had a slow start, but is now gathering pace.
The students work at their own pace.
The younger children struggled to keep pace with the older ones.
They set off at a blistering pace.
Thinking that she was being followed, she quickened her pace.
Two bodyguards remained a couple of paces behind the president throughout the walkabout.
You shouldn't have such a job if you can't stand the pace.
the slow pace of economic reform
Competitors must stand at a distance of twenty paces from each other.
He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't stand the pace
I prefer the more relaxed pace of life in the country.
Jean followed a few paces behind.
Rumours of corruption and scandal gathered pace.
The novel lacks pace.
Traffic was reduced to walking pace.
We encourage all students to work at their own pace.
You can get a device that counts how many paces you take in an average day.
Idioms: go through your paces  keep pace  off the pace  put somebody through its paces  set the pace  show your paces

Derived: pace something off 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

pace / peɪs / noun (SPEED)

B2 [ U ] the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes:

a slow/fast pace

When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.

Could you slow down a bit - I can't keep pace with (= walk or run as fast as) you.

For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most successful company) in the communications industry.

These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.

I don't like the pace of modern life.

→  See also pacemaker (RUNNER)

force the pace

to make other people in a race go faster by going faster yourself

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

pace

[pe͟ɪs]
 paces, pacing, paced
 1) N-SING: usu with supp The pace of something is the speed at which it happens or is done.
  Many people were not satisfied with the pace of change.
  ...people who prefer to live at a slower pace...
  They could not stand the pace or the workload...
  Interest rates would come down as the recovery gathered pace.
  Syn:
  speed
 2) N-SING: usu with supp Your pace is the speed at which you walk.
  He moved at a brisk pace down the rue St Antoine...
  Their pace quickened as they approached their cars.
 3) N-COUNT: usu with supp A pace is the distance that you move when you take one step.
  He'd only gone a few paces before he stopped again...
  I took a pace backwards.
 4) VERB If you pace a small area, you keep walking up and down it, because you are anxious or impatient.
  [V n] As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously...
  [V prep/adv] He found John pacing around the flat, unable to sleep...
  She stared as he paced and yelled.
 5) VERB If you pace yourself when doing something, you do it at a steady rate.
  [V pron-refl] It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
 6) PHRASE: V inflects, oft PHR with n If something keeps pace with something else that is changing, it changes quickly in response to it.
  Farmers are angry because the rise fails to keep pace with inflation.
  ...a world changing far too fast for her to keep pace.
  Syn:
  keep up
 7) PHRASE: V inflects, oft PHR with n If you keep pace with someone who is walking or running, you succeed in going as fast as them, so that you remain close to them.
  With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders...
  Daisy strode alongside her, breathing heavily but keeping pace.
  Syn:
  keep up
 8) PHRASE: PHR after v If you do something at your own pace, you do it at a speed that is comfortable for you.
  The computer will give students the opportunity to learn at their own pace...
  She was going too fast so I decided to keep riding at my own pace.
  Syn:
  at your own speed
 9) PHRASE: V inflects If you put someone through their paces or make them go through their paces, you get them to show you how well they can do something.
  The eleven boxers are in the hands of the British coach, who is putting them through their paces...
  A group of the world's best waterskiers will be going through their paces.
 10) at a snail's pacesee snail
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - pace out
  - pace off

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1pace /ˈpeɪs/ noun, pl pac·es
1 [singular]
a : the speed at which someone or something moves
• He can run at a decent pace. [=he can run fairly fast]
• We walked at a leisurely pace along the shore.
• I told the kids to pick/step up the pace. [=go faster]
• He rode his bike up the hill at a snail's pace. [=very slowly]
• We encourage you to hike the trail at your own pace. [=at a speed that suits you and lets you be comfortable]
b : the speed at which something happens
• The pace of the story was slow.
• His new album is selling at a blistering/breakneck/dizzying pace.
• Despite quickly advancing medical technology, the pace [=(more commonly) rate] of change in her field remained slow and steady.
• She liked the fast pace of life in the city. [=she liked the fast way things happened in the city]
- see also change of pace
2 [count] : a single step or the length of a single step - usually plural
• The tree is about 30 paces from the front door.
• The dog walked a few paces behind us.
go through your paces : to do something in order to show others how well you do it
• The athletes went through their paces as the coaches looked on.
• a show horse going through its paces for the judges
keep pace with : to go or make progress at the same speed as (someone or something else)
• Our production can't keep pace with [=keep up with] the orders coming in.
• The law has not kept pace with technology. [=the law has not changed fast enough to reflect changes in technology]
• She struggles to keep pace with her classmates.
off the pace US : behind in a race, competition, etc.
• The winner finished in 4 minutes, 30 seconds, and the next runner was three seconds off the pace. [=finished three seconds later]
• The other runners were way off the pace.
put someone or something through his/her/its paces : to test what someone or something can do
• We brought home three different computers and put them through their paces.
set the pace : to be the one that is at the front in a race and that controls how fast the other racers have to go
• As our fastest runner, he usually sets the pace for the rest of the team.
- often used figuratively
• The company's advanced equipment sets the pace for the recording industry.
- see also pacesetter

rage

rage [noun] (EVENT)

an exciting or entertaining event involving a lot of activity

US /reɪdʒ/ 
UK /reɪdʒ/ 

مد روز، تب

مثال: 

The party was a rage.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

rage

 noun
very strong anger:
Sue stormed out of the room in a rage.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

rage

I. rage1 /reɪdʒ/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin rabies 'anger, wildness', from rabere 'to be wild with anger']
1. [uncountable and countable] a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger:
Sobbing with rage, Carol was taken to the hospital.
in a rage
Sam became quite frightening when he was in a rage.
cry/scream/roar etc of rage
Just then, she heard Mr Evan’s bellow of rage.
red/dark/purple with rage
His face was red with rage.
trembling/shaking with rage
Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.
seething/incandescent with rage (=as angry as a person can possibly be)
Animal rights supporters were incandescent with rage.
Richens was 17 when he flew into a rage and stabbed another teenager.
2. be all the rage informal to be very popular or fashionable:
DiCaprio became all the rage after starring in the film ‘Titanic’.
3. rage for something a situation in which something is very popular or fashionable:
the rage for mobile phones

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

rage / reɪdʒ / noun [ C usually singular ] Australian English informal (EVENT)

an exciting or entertaining event involving a lot of activity:

The party was a rage.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

rage

[re͟ɪʤ]
 
 rages, raging, raged
 1) N-VAR Rage is strong anger that is difficult to control.
  He was red-cheeked with rage...
  I flew into a rage...
  He admitted shooting the man in a fit of rage.
  Syn:
  fury
 2) VERB You say that something powerful or unpleasant rages when it continues with great force or violence.
  Train services were halted as the fire raged for more than four hours.
  ...the fierce arguments raging over the future of the Holy City...
  [V on] The war rages on and the time has come to take sides.
 3) VERB If you rage about something, you speak or think very angrily about it.
  [V about/against/at n] Monroe was on the phone, raging about her mistreatment by the brothers...
  Inside, Frannie was raging...
  [V with quote] `I can't see it's any of your business,' he raged.
 4) N-UNCOUNT: n N You can refer to the strong anger that someone feels in a particular situation as a particular rage, especially when this results in violent or aggressive behaviour.
 → See also road rage
  Cabin crews are reporting up to nine cases of air rage a week.
 5) N-SING: the N When something is popular and fashionable, you can say that it is the rage or all the rage. [INFORMAL]
  Badges are all the rage in France, Mr Toff explains.
 6) → See also raging

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1rage /ˈreɪʤ/ noun, pl rag·es
1 a [noncount] : a strong feeling of anger that is difficult to control
• Her note to him was full of rage.
• He was shaking with rage.
• a fit of rage
- see also road rage synonyms see1anger
b [count] : a sudden expression of violent anger
• She was seized by a murderous rage.
• His rages rarely last more than a few minutes.
• He flew into a rage. [=he suddenly became extremely angry]
2 [singular]
a : something that is suddenly very popular
• Karaoke is (all) the rage these days. [=karaoke is very popular]
b : a strong desire by many people to have or do something - + for
• I don't understand the current rage for flavored coffee. [=I don't understand why flavored coffee is so popular]

 

ignorance

ignorance [noun]

lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something

US /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ 
UK /ˈɪɡ.nər.əns/ 

جهالت، نادانی

مثال: 

Public ignorance about the disease is still a cause for concern.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

ignorance

 noun (no plural)
not knowing about something:
Her ignorance surprised me.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

ignorance

ignorance AC /ˈɪɡnərəns/ BrE AmE noun [uncountable]
[Word Family: noun: ↑ignorance; adverb: ↑ignorantly; adjective: ↑ignorant]
1. lack of knowledge or information about something:
Excuse my ignorance, but how does it actually work?
ignorance of
our ignorance of the true situation
in ignorance
I would have remained in ignorance if Shaun hadn’t mentioned it.
ignorance about
public fear and ignorance about AIDS
2. ignorance is bliss used to say that if you do not know about a problem, you cannot worry about it

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

ignorance

ig·nor·ance AW   [ˈɪɡnərəns]    [ˈɪɡnərəns]  noun uncountable ~ (of/about sth)
a lack of knowledge or information about sth
widespread ignorance of/about the disease
They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
She was kept in ignorance of her husband's activities.
Children often behave badly out of/through ignorance.
I hate to admit my ignorance, but how does it work?
Idiom: ignorance is bliss  
Word Origin:
Middle English: via Old French from Latin ignorantia, from ignorant- ‘not knowing’, from the verb ignorare ‘not know, ignore’, from in- ‘not’ + gno-, a base meaning ‘know’.  
Thesaurus:
ignorance [ignorance] noun U, sing. (sometimes disapproving)
There is widespread ignorance about the disease.
incomprehensioninexperience|often disapproving naivety|approving innocence
Opp: knowledge
ignorance/naivety/innocence about sth
betray/show (your) ignorance/inexperience
take advantage of sb's ignorance/inexperience/naivety/innocence 
Example Bank:
He pleaded ignorance of any wrongdoing.
He showed a remarkable ignorance of the facts.
He was kept in ignorance of his true identity.
I had to confess my ignorance.
I tried not to betray my ignorance.
Many lives are lost through ignorance.
Outsiders, in their ignorance, fail to understand this.
She remained in blissful ignorance of these events.
The sisters lived in total ignorance of each other.
There is still widespread ignorance about this disease.
These attitudes are based on ignorance and fear.
This showed a profound ignorance of local customs.
a policy based on wilful ignorance of history
mistakes due to ignorance
our appalling ignorance of international events
widespread ignorance of the causes of the Civil War
Children often behave badly out of ignorance.
I hate to confess my ignorance, but can you explain what ‘space-time’actually is?
I remained in blissful ignorance of what was going on.
Many of the comments betray an appalling ignorance of the reality of these children's lives.
She was kept in ignorance of her husband's activities.
• Some doctors believe that ignorance is bliss and do not tell their patients all the facts.

• The more he talks, the more he shows his ignorance.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

ignorance / ˈɪɡ.n ə r. ə ns /   / -nɚ- / noun [ U ]

C2 lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something:

Public ignorance about the disease is still a cause for concern.

Patients, it is claimed, were kept/left in ignorance of what was wrong with them.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

ignorance

[ɪ̱gnərəns]
 N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/about n
 Ignorance of something is lack of knowledge about it.
  I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of non-European history...
  There is so much ignorance about mental illness...
  In my ignorance I had never heard country & western music.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

ignorance

ig·no·rance /ˈɪgnərəns/ noun : a lack of knowledge, understanding, or education : the state of being ignorant

[noncount]

• His racist attitudes were born out of ignorance.
- often + of
Ignorance of the law is no excuse (for violating it).
• Their decisions were made in ignorance of [=without knowing] the true nature of the situation.
• When asked about the reasons for these drastic changes, she pleaded/pled ignorance. [=she said that she did not know the reasons]

[singular]

• an appalling ignorance about/of other cultures
ignorance is bliss
- used to say that a person who does not know about a problem does not worry about it;

overcome

overcome [verb] (UNABLE TO ACT)

to prevent someone from being able to act or think in the usual way

US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈkʌm/ 
UK /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ 

از پس چیزی برآمدن، غلبه کردن

مثال: 

They were overcome by fumes from the fire and had to be carried out of their houses.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

overcome

 verb (overcomes, overcoming, overcame /, has overcome)
to find an answer to a difficult thing in your life; to control something:
He overcame his fear of flying.

 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

overcome

overcome W3 /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm $ ˌoʊvər-/ BrE AmE verb (past tense overcame /-ˈkeɪm/, past participle overcome) [transitive]
[Language: Old English; Origin: ofercuman]
1. to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents you from achieving something:
He struggled to overcome his shyness.
Her financial problems could no longer be overcome.
2. [usually passive] if smoke or gas overcomes someone, they become extremely sick or unconscious because they breathe it:
The engineer was working on the freezer when he was overcome by gas.
3. if an emotion overcomes someone, they cannot behave normally because they feel the emotion so strongly
overcome with
Charles was overcome with grief.
4. to fight and win against someone or something SYN defeat:
Australia overcame the Netherlands 2–1.
 

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

overcome

over·come [overcome overcomes overcame overcoming]   [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]    [ˌoʊvərˈkʌm]  verb (over·came   [ˌəʊvəˈkeɪm]  ;   [ˌoʊvərˈkeɪm]  over·come)
1. ~ sth to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
• He finally managed to overcome his fear of flying

• He overcame a strong temptation to run away.

2. ~ sb/sth to defeat sb

• In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.

3. usually passive ~ sb to be extremely strongly affected by sth
Syn:  overwhelm
Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
Overcome by curiosity, the boy looked through the window.
The dead woman had been overcome by smoke.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English ofercuman (see over-, come).  
Thesaurus:
overcome verb T
She overcame her fear of flying.
controlbring/get/keep sth under controlget over sth|informal beat|written conquer
overcome/control/get over/beat/conquer a problem
bring/get/keep a problem under control
overcome/control/get over/conquer a fear
overcome/get over a difficulty/hurdle  
Example Bank:
He was suddenly overcome with remorse for the harm he had done.
Several firefighters had been overcome by smoke and fumes.
She felt almost overcome by a tide of relief.
She felt quite overcome by their kindness.
The officers on duty were visibly overcome, many of them in tears.
Therapy helped her overcome her fear.
These problems were never entirely overcome.
methods designed to overcome these problems
In the final, Sweden easily overcame France.
She overcame strong opposition to take the title.
There are at least two major obstacles that must be overcome.
They managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
• This could be the year that he finally overcomes his great rival and clinches the championship.

• This problem is largely overcome by printing out a new set of data.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

overcome / ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm /   / ˌoʊ.vɚ- / verb [ T usually passive ] ( overcame , overcome ) (UNABLE TO ACT)

C2 to prevent someone from being able to act or think in the usual way:

They were overcome by fumes from the fire and had to be carried out of their houses.

Overcome with/by emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

overcome

[o͟ʊvə(r)kʌ̱m]
 
 overcomes, overcoming, overcame
 (The form overcome is used in the present tense and is also the past participle.)
 1) VERB If you overcome a problem or a feeling, you successfully deal with it and control it.
  [V n] Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying...
  [V n] Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
 2) VERB If you are overcome by a feeling or event, it is so strong or has such a strong effect that you cannot think clearly.
  [be V-ed] The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair...
  [V n] A dizziness overcame him, blurring his vision.
  Syn:
  overwhelm
 3) VERB: usu passive If you are overcome by smoke or a poisonous gas, you become very ill or die from breathing it in.
  [be V-ed] The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by smoke.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

overcome

over·come /ˌoʊvɚˈkʌm/ verb -comes; -came /-ˈkeɪm/ ; -come; -com·ing [+ obj]
1 : to defeat (someone or something)
• After a tough battle, they overcame the enemy.
2 : to successfully deal with or gain control of (something difficult)
• a story about overcoming adversity
• She overcame a leg injury and is back running again.
• He overcame [=conquered] his fear of heights and climbed the ladder.
3 : to affect (someone) very strongly or severely - usually used as (be) overcome
• The people trapped in the burning building were overcome by the heat and smoke.
• The family was overcome [=overwhelmed] by grief.

shade

shade [noun] (SLIGHT DARKNESS)

slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun

US /ʃeɪd/ 
UK /ʃeɪd/ 

سایه

مثال: 

The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

noun

1 (no plural) a place where it is dark and cool because the sun doesn't shine there:
We sat in the shade of a big tree.

2 (plural shades) a thing that keeps strong light from your eyes:
I bought a new shade for the lamp.

3 (plural shades) how light or dark a colour is:
I'm looking for a shirt in a darker shade of green.

4 shades (plural) (informal) = sunglasses

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

shade

I. shade1 /ʃeɪd/ BrE AmE noun
[Language: Old English; Origin: sceadu]
1. OUT OF SUNLIGHT [uncountable] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it:
a plant that needs a lot of shade
in the shade (of something)
She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.
The temperature was over 90 degrees in the shade.
2. FOR BLOCKING LIGHT [countable]
a) something you use to reduce or block light:
The shade on the lamp was slightly crooked. ⇨ ↑lampshade
b) American English a covering that can be pulled down over a window SYN blind
3. shades [plural] informal ↑sunglasses
4. IN A PICTURE [uncountable] the dark places in a picture:
strong contrasts of light and shade
5. COLOUR [countable] a particular type of red, green, blue etc
shade of
a bright shade of pink
6. shade of meaning/opinion/feeling etc a meaning etc that is slightly different from other ones SYN nuance:
There is room in the Democratic Party for many shades of opinion.
7. a shade formal very slightly
a shade too big/hot/fast etc
Matt’s clothes were just a shade too big for me.
a shade better/quicker/faster etc
The results were a shade better than we expected.
a shade over/under/above etc
She was a shade under five feet tall.
8. shades of somebody/something used to say that someone or something reminds you of another person or thing:
The food was horrible – shades of school dinners.
9. put somebody/something in the shade to be so good or impressive that other similar things or people seem much less important or interesting:
They’re planning a festival that will put all the others in the shade.
10. have it made in the shade American English informal to be extremely rich – used humorously
• • •
THESAURUS
colour red, blue, yellow etc: Blue is my favourite colour. | Matisse was famous for his use of colour.
shade a particular type of a colour: The dress is a light shade of pink. | He uses different shades of green.
hue /hjuː/ literary or technical a particular colour or shade of a colour: Her face had lost its golden hue.
tint a small amount of a colour in something that is mostly another colour: He wears sunglasses that have a pinky-orange tint.
tone one of the many different shades of a colour, each slightly darker, lighter, brighter etc than the next: Carpets in neutral tones give a feeling of space.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shade

 

shade [shade shades shaded shading] noun, verb   [ʃeɪd]    [ʃeɪd] 

noun

OUT OF SUN
1. uncountable ~ (of sth) an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth, for example a tree or building, because the sun's light does not get to it
We sat down in the shade of the wall.
The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.
The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.
• These plants grow well in sun or shade.

see also  shady  

 

ON LAMP, ETC.

2. countable a thing that you use to prevent light from coming through or to make it less bright
I bought a new shade for the lamp.
• an eyeshade

see also  lampshade, sunshade  

 

ON WINDOW

 

3. countable (also ˈwindow shade) (both NAmE) =  blind  

OF COLOUR
4. countable ~ (of sth) a particular form of a colour, that is, how dark or light it is
a delicate/pale/rich/soft shade of blue

• Cool pastel shades are just right for summer.  

 

IN PICTURE

5. uncountable the dark areas in a picture, especially the use of these to produce variety

• The painting needs more light and shade.  

 

OF OPINION/FEELING

6. countable, usually plural ~ of sth a different kind or level of opinion, feeling, etc
• politicians of all shades of opinion

• The word has many shades of meaning.  

 

SLIGHTLY

7. a shade singular a little; slightly
Syn:  touch
• He was feeling a shade disappointed.

• Her skirt was a shade too short.  

 

FOR EYES

 

8. shades plural (informal) =  sunglasses  

GHOST
9. countable (literary) the spirit of a dead person; a ghost   
Word Origin:
Old English sc(e)adu, of Germanic origin. Compare with shadow.  
Thesaurus:
shade noun C
a delicate shade of blue
tinttinge|BrE colour|AmE color|literary technical hue
a shade/tinge of blue/green, etc.
a warm/rich shade/tint/colour/hue
a bright/dark/pastel/subtle shade/colour/hue
have a shade/tint/tinge/colour/hue 
Synonyms:
colour
shade hue tint tinge
These words all describe the appearance of things, resulting from the way in which they reflect light.
colour/colorthe appearance that things have, resulting from the way in which they reflect light. Red, green and blue are colours: What's your favourite colour? bright/dark/light colours
shadea particular form of a colour, especially when describing how light or dark it is. Sky blue is a shade of blue.
hue(literary or technical) a colour or a particular shade of a colour: His face took on an unhealthy, whitish hue.
tinta shade or small amount of a particular colour; a faint colour covering a surface: leaves with red and gold autumn tints
tingea small amount of a colour: There was a pink tinge to the sky.
tint or tinge?
You can say: a reddish tint/tinge or: a tinge of red but not: a tint of red. Tint is often used in the plural, but tinge is almost always singular.
a warm/rich colour/shade/hue/tint
a bright/vivid/vibrant/dark/deep colour/shade/hue
a pale/pastel/soft/subtle/delicate colour/shade/hue
a light/strong/neutral/natural colour/shade 
Which Word?:
shade / shadow
Shade [U] is an area or a part of a place that is protected from the heat of the sun and so is darker and cooler: Let’s sit in the shade for a while.
A shadow [C] is the dark shape made when a light shines on a person or an object: As the sun went down we cast long shadows on the lawn.
Shadow [U] is an area of darkness in which it is difficult to distinguish things easily: Her face was in deep shadow.  
Example Bank:
He threw out his old suits, all in various shades of brown.
His face turned an even deeper shade of red.
His room was dark, the shades pulled to block out the sun.
I searched for a patch of shade to rest in.
I was sitting in the shade.
Let's move into the shade.
The huge trees offered shade from the sun.
The ocean glistened in shades of blue and emerald.
The rooms were decorated in delicate pastel shades.
They were sitting under the shade of an umbrella.
This wool is available in 18 stunning shades.
Towels in warm shades can soften the room.
a plant that grows well in shade
a room painted in startling shades of pink and orange
a word with various shades of meaning
giving shade for cattle
in the leafy shade of a fig tree
our new range of shades for lips and eyes
reformers of all political shades
the need to ensure adequate shade for coffee plants
various shades of green
Her eyes were a delicate shade of green.
The painting needs more light and shade.
The sun peered through the shades in the hotel room.
The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.
Use different shades of the same colour, rather than lots of different colours.
We sat down in the shade of the tree.
Idioms: put somebody in the shade  shades of somebody

Derived: shade into something 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shade / ʃeɪd / noun (SLIGHT DARKNESS)

B1 [ U ] slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun:

The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.

The children played in/under the shade of a large beach umbrella.

→  See also sunshade

 

C2 [ C ] a covering that is put over an electric light in order to make it less bright:

The lamps all had matching purple shades.

[ U ] ( also shading ) specialized the parts of a picture or painting that the artist has made slightly darker than the other parts:

A good artist can produce a very realistic effect using only light and shade.

shades [ plural ] informal dark glasses:

She was wearing a black leather jacket and shades.

 

[ C ] US for roller blind

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

shade

[ʃe͟ɪd]
 
 shades, shading, shaded
 1) N-COUNT: oft N of n, in N A shade of a particular colour is one of its different forms. For example, emerald green and olive green are shades of green.
  In the mornings the sky appeared a heavy shade of mottled gray...
  The walls were painted in two shades of green.
  ...new eyeshadows in a choice of 80 shades.
 2) N-UNCOUNT: oft in the N Shade is an area of darkness under or next to an object such as a tree, where sunlight does not reach.
  Temperatures in the shade can reach forty-eight degrees celsius at this time of year...
  Alexis walked up the coast, and resumed his reading in the shade of an overhanging cliff.
  ...exotic trees provide welcome shade.
 3) VERB If you say that a place or person is shaded by objects such as trees, you mean that the place or person cannot be reached, harmed, or bothered by strong sunlight because those objects are in the way.
  [be V-ed] ...a health resort whose beaches are shaded by palm trees...
  [be V-ed from n] Most plants prefer to be lightly shaded from direct, hot sunlight...
  [V n] Umbrellas shade outdoor cafes along winding cobblestone streets.
  Derived words:
  shaded ADJ-GRADED oft adv ADJ These plants will grow happily in a sunny or partially shaded spot.
 4) VERB If you shade your eyes, you put your hand or an object partly in front of your face in order to prevent a bright light from shining into your eyes.
  [V n] You can't look directly into it; you've got to shade your eyes or close them altogether...
  [V n from n] I had to stop at the traffic lights and put down the sun visor to shade my eyes from the light.
  Syn:
  shield
 5) N-UNCOUNT Shade is darkness or shadows as they are shown in a picture.
  ...Rembrandt's skilful use of light and shade to create the atmosphere of movement.
  Ant:
  light
 6) N-COUNT: usu pl, N of n The shades of something abstract are its many, slightly different forms.
  ...the capacity to convey subtle shades of meaning.
  ...literally dozens of newspapers of every shade of opinion.
 7) VERB If something shades into something else, there is no clear division between the two things, so that you cannot tell where or when the first thing ends and the second thing begins.
  [V into n] As the dusk shaded into night, we drove slowly through narrow alleys...
  [V to n] The tail feathers are dark blue at their bases, shading to pale blue at their tips.
 8) N-PLURAL Shades are sunglasses. [INFORMAL]
 9) N-COUNT A shade is the same as a lampshade.
 10) N-COUNT A shade is a piece of stiff cloth or heavy paper that you can pull down over a window as a covering. [AM]
  Nancy left the shades down and the lights off.
  Syn:
  blind(in BRIT, use blind)
 11) N-COUNT: usu N of n The shade of a dead person is their spirit, which is thought to be still alive in some way and in contact with the real world. [LITERARY]
  His writing benefits from the shade of Lincoln hovering over his shoulder.
 12) → See also shaded, shading
 13) PHRASE: PHR adj/adv/prep If you say that something is, for example, a shade unusual or a shade disappointing, you mean that it is slightly unusual or disappointing.
  The first two goals were a shade fortunate...
  He found her charming, but perhaps just a shade too ingenuous for him...
  The South is now only a shade behind the rest of the affluent United States.
  Syn:
  a little
 14) PHRASE (approval) If you say that there is light and shade in something such as a performance, you mean you like it because different parts of it are different in tone or mood. [WRITTEN]
  ...a faltering, artless voice that is pleasant enough, if rather lacking in light and shade.
 15) PHRASE: V inflects To put someone or something in the shade means to be so impressive that the person or thing seems unimportant by comparison.
  ...a run that put every other hurdler's performance in the shade.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1shade /ˈʃeɪd/ noun, pl shades
1 [noncount] : an area of slight darkness that is produced when something blocks the light of the sun
• The buildings cast shade on the plaza.
• The tree provided plenty of shade.
• These plants grow well in shade.
• It was a hot sunny day, but luckily their seats for the game were in the shade.
• We sat in the shade of a willow tree.
2 [count]
a : something that is used to block strong light
• He used his hand as a shade as he looked out into the bright sunlight.
• an eye shade
b : lampshade
• a lamp with a broken shade
c US : window shade
• She pulled down the shades.
3 shades [plural] informal : sunglasses
• She was wearing a cool pair of shades.
4 [noncount] : a darkened area in a drawing, painting, etc.
• a painting with contrasting areas of light and shade
5 [count] : a particular type of a color that is lighter, darker, etc., than other types - usually + of
• different shades of brown
• lipstick in several shades of red
• a bright shade of blue
6 [count] : a particular form of something that is usually slightly different from other forms
• The word has many shades of meaning.
7 [count] : a very small amount
• He saw shades [=traces] of himself in his son.
• He is just a shade [=a bit, a little] taller than his brother.
• The shirt is a shade too large for me.
draw the shades on
- see 1draw
have it made in the shade US informal : to have a very easy life or to be in a very good situation
• She had to work hard for many years to achieve success, but now she has it made in the shade.
put (someone or something) in the shade chiefly Brit informal : to be much better than (someone or something)
• Their performance really put ours in the shade.
shades of
- used to say what or who you are reminded of when you look at or think about someone or something
• a former actor who's now a politician—shades of Ronald Reagan
- shade·less adj
• Their yard is bare and shadeless.

society

society [noun] (PEOPLE)

a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. All the people in a country, or in several similar countries, can be referred to as a society

US /səˈsaɪ.ə.t̬i/ 
UK /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ 

جامعه، اجتماع

مثال: 

There's a danger that we will end up blaming innocent children for society's problems.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

society

 noun
1 (no plural) a large group of people who live in the same country or area and have the same ideas about how to live:
They carried out research into the roles of men and women in today's society.

2 (plural societies) a group of people who are interested in the same thing:
a music society
 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

society

society S1 W1 /səˈsaɪəti, səˈsaɪɪti/ BrE AmE noun (plural societies)
[Word Family: noun: ↑society, ↑sociologist, ↑sociology, ↑sociability, ↑social, ↑socialism, ↑socialist, ↑socialite, ↑socialization, ↑sociopath; adjective: ↑sociable ≠ ↑unsociable, ↑social ≠ ANTI-SOCIAL, ↑unsocial, ↑socialist, ↑socialistic, ↑societal, ↑sociological, ↑sociopathic; adverb: ↑socially, ↑sociably, ↑sociologically; verb: ↑socialize]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: société, from Latin societas, from socius; ⇨ ↑social1]
1. PEOPLE IN GENERAL [uncountable] people in general, considered in relation to the laws, organizations etc that make it possible for them to live together:
technology and its effects on modern society
Children are the most vulnerable members of society.
2. A PARTICULAR GROUP [uncountable and countable] a particular large group of people who share laws, organizations, customs etc:
Britain is now a multiracial society.
the capitalist societies of the West
the conservative segment of American society
3. CLUB [countable] an organization or club with members who share similar interests, aims etc:
the university film society
the American Cancer Society
society of
the Society of Black Lawyers
4. UPPER CLASS [uncountable] the fashionable group of people who are rich and powerful:
a society wedding
high society (=the richest, most fashionable etc people)
5. BEING WITH PEOPLE [uncountable] formal when you are together with other people
society of
Holidays are a time to enjoy the society of your family.
6. polite society middle- or upper-class people who behave correctly in social situations
in polite society (=among middle- or upper-class people)
The subject was rarely mentioned in polite society.
⇨ ↑building society, ↑friendly society
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ adjectives
a free society Censorship has no place in a free society.
a civilized society A civilized society should treat its elderly members well.
a civil society (=a society based on laws that everyone accepts) The protection of human rights is essential for a civil society.
a multicultural/multiracial society We live in a multicultural society.
a democratic society Education is important in a democratic society.
an advanced/modern society The Greeks formed the first advanced societies in the West. | This kind of hatred and violence have no place in a modern society like ours.
an industrial society In complex industrial societies, different groups specialize in particular activities.
a primitive society In almost all primitive societies, volcanoes have been regarded with fear.
a just society We are making progress towards a just society.
a classless society (=one in which people are not divided into different social classes) the Prime Minister’s vision of a classless society
a capitalist society As consumers in a capitalist society, we can press companies to behave responsibly.
the larger/wider society (=used when comparing a small group of people to society as a whole) The poor are part of the larger society, and programs must be there to help them.
• • •
THESAURUS
organization a group of people, companies, or countries, which is set up for a particular purpose: Greenpeace is an international organization that protects the environment. | the World Health Organization
institution a large important organization such as a bank, church, or university: The University is an important academic institution. | financial institutions such as banks
association an organization for people in a particular profession, sport, or activity, which officially represents its members – often used in names: I met a representative of the National Association of Teachers. | the Football Association
party an organization of people with the same political aims which you can vote for in elections: Which political party do you support? | He voted for the Republican Party’s candidate.
body an important group of people who make the rules and advise people about what should be allowed: the sport’s governing body | The government has set up an advisory body.
club/society an organization for people who share an interest, for example a sport: We belong to a tennis club. | I joined the university film society.
union an organization formed by workers in order to protect their rights: The union ordered its members out on strike.
charity an organization which collects money to help people who are poor, sick etc and does not make any profit for itself: She has raised a lot of money for local charities.
quango British English disapproving an organization set up by the government, which has official power but whose members have not been elected: the amount of money that is wasted on government quangos

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

society / səˈsaɪ.ə.ti /   / -t̬i / noun (PEOPLE)

B1 [ C or U ] a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. All the people in a country, or in several similar countries, can be referred to as a society:

a classless/multicultural/capitalist/civilized society

These changes strike at the heart of British/American/modern society.

There's a danger that we will end up blaming innocent children for society's problems.

We must also consider the needs of the younger/older members of society.

[ U ] ( also high society ) the part of society that consists of people who are rich, powerful, and fashionable:

a society hostess/ball/function

[ U ] formal the state of being together with other people:

She prefers her own society (= likes to be alone) .

Word partners for society

build / create a society • live in a society • a member of society • a section / segment of society • a civilized / classless / democratic / multicultural society • modern society • in society

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

society

[səsa͟ɪɪti]
 
 societies
 1) N-UNCOUNT Society is people in general, thought of as a large organized group.
  This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society...
  He maintains Islam must adapt to modern society.
 2) N-VAR: with supp A society is the people who live in a country or region, their organizations, and their way of life.
  We live in a capitalist society.
  ...those responsible for destroying our African heritage and the fabric of our society.
  ...the complexities of South African society.
 3) N-COUNT A society is an organization for people who have the same interest or aim.
  ...the North of England Horticultural Society.
  ...the historical society.
  Syn:
  association
 4) N-UNCOUNT: oft N n Society is the rich, fashionable people in a particular place who meet on social occasions.
  The couple quickly became a fixture of society pages.
  ...the high season for society weddings.
 5) → See also building society

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

society

so·ci·ety /səˈsajəti/ noun, pl -et·ies
1 [noncount] : people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values
• Poverty hurts society as a whole.
2 : the people of a particular country, area, time, etc., thought of especially as an organized community

[count]

• ancient/modern societies
• Christian/consumer societies
• We need to do more to help the poorer members of our society.

[noncount]

• the values of Western/American society
• wealthy/poor members of society
• These problems affect only a small segment of society. [=only a small number of people]
• That kind of behavior isn't allowed in polite society. [=among people of the middle and upper classes who speak and behave in a polite way]
3 [noncount] : people who are fashionable and wealthy
• She was introduced to society at a formal reception.
• The club's members are drawn from the ranks of high society.
- often used before another noun
society ladies/fashions/parties
• the newspaper's society page
4 [count] : a group of people who work together or regularly meet because of common interests, beliefs, or activities
• a literary/musical society
• historical societies
• The American Cancer Society
• The Society of Newspaper Editors
5 [noncount] formal : the state of being with other people
• He avoided the society [=company] of other writers.

achieve

achieve [verb]

to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort

US /əˈtʃiːv/ 
UK /əˈtʃiːv/ 

به هدف رسیدن، موفق شدن

مثال: 

The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives .

Oxford Essential Dictionary

achieve

 verb (achieves, achieving, achieved )
to do or finish something well after trying hard:
He worked hard and achieved his aim of becoming a doctor.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

achieve

achieve S2 W1 AC /əˈtʃiːv/ BrE AmE verb
[Word Family: noun: ↑achievement, ↑achiever, ↑underachiever ≠ OVERACHIEVER, ↑underachievement ≠ OVERACHIEVEMENT; verb: ↑achieve, ↑underachieve ≠ OVERACHIEVE; adjective: ↑achievable]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: achever, from chief 'end, head']
1. [transitive] to successfully complete something or get a good result, especially by working hard:
Frances achieved very good exam results.
Wilson has achieved considerable success as an artist.
She eventually achieved her goal of becoming a professor.
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In everyday English, people usually say someone gets a result rather than achieves it:
▪ He got good grades in his final exams.
2. [intransitive] to be successful in a particular kind of job or activity:
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

achieve

achieve AW [achieve achieves achieved achieving]   [əˈtʃiːv]    [əˈtʃiːv]  verb
1. transitive ~ sth to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by making an effort for a long time
Syn:  attain
• He had finally achieved success.

• They could not achieve their target of less than 3% inflation.

2. transitive ~ sth to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen
Syn:  accomplish
• I haven't achieved very much today.

• All you've achieved is to upset my parents.

3. intransitive to be successful
Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.
Derived Word: achievable
Verb forms:
 
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French achever ‘come or bring to a head’, from a chief ‘to a head’.  
Thesaurus:
achieve verb T
She finally achieved success.
managesucceedreachaccomplish|BrE fulfil|AmE fulfill|informal pull sth off|formal attaineffect
achieve/succeed in/reach/accomplish/fulfil/attain a/an goal/objective
achieve/succeed in/accomplish/fulfil/attain a/an aim
achieve/reach/fulfil/attain a target
achieve/accomplish/fulfil an ambition  
Example Bank:
By the end of the afternoon we had achieved very little.
I achieved a longstanding ambition to fly solo.
I knew that the demonstration would achieve nothing.
Sooner or later our shared efforts will achieve results.
The present law has failed to achieve its objectives.
They haven't achieved much yet.
how to achieve a balance between work and family life
All you've achieved is to upset my parents.
• I haven't achieved very much today.

• These students need to achieve academically in order to enter the labour market.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

achieve / əˈtʃiːv / verb [ T ]

B1 to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort:

The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives .

She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.

I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've achieved nothing.

→  See also underachieve

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

achieve

[ətʃi͟ːv]
 
 achieves, achieving, achieved
 VERB

 If you achieve a particular aim or effect, you succeed in doing it or causing it to happen, usually after a lot of effort.
  [V n] There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals...
  [V n] We have achieved what we set out to do.
 Syn:
 accomplish

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

achieve

achieve /əˈʧiːv/ verb achieves; achieved; achiev·ing
1 [+ obj] : to get or reach (something) by working hard
• This year, our company was able to achieve [=accomplish, attain] all of its production goals.
• He worked hard and achieved success. [=became successful]
• a diet that achieves dramatic results
• With much practice, she has achieved a high level of skill.
• They achieved high scores on their math tests.
2 [no obj] : to become successful : to reach a goal
• We give students the skills they need in order to achieve in college.
- achiev·able /əˈʧiːvəbəɫ/ adj [more ~; most ~]
achievable goals

impossible

impossible [adjective]

If an action or event is impossible, it cannot happen or be achieved

US /ɪmˈpɑː.sə.bəl/ 
UK /ɪmˈpɒs.ə.bəl/ 

غیرممکن، نشدنی

مثال: 

It was impossible to sleep because of the noise.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

impossible

 adjective
If something is impossible, you cannot do it, or it cannot happen:
It's impossible for me to finish this work by five o'clock.
The house was impossible to find.
 opposite possible

 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

impossible

I. impossible1 S2 W2 /ɪmˈpɒsəbəl, ɪmˈpɒsɪbəl $ ɪmˈpɑː-/ BrE AmE adjective
[Word Family: noun: ↑possibility ≠ ↑impossibility, the impossible, ↑possible; adverb: ↑possibly ≠ ↑impossibly; adjective: ↑possible ≠ ↑impossible]
1. something that is impossible cannot happen or be done OPP possible:
‘I want to speak to Mr Franks.’ ‘I’m afraid that’s impossible.’
It’s impossible to be accurate about these things.
The noise made sleep impossible.
Members with young children often found it impossible to attend evening meetings.
It is difficult to find work these days, but for blind people it is virtually impossible.
He was faced with a seemingly impossible task.
It was physically impossible to get the fridge through the door.
Six months ago, peace seemed an impossible dream.
Such mental attitudes are difficult, if not impossible, to change.
2. a situation that is impossible is one that you cannot deal with:
We were in an impossible situation. Whatever we decided to do would upset someone.
Helen’s refusal to cooperate put me in an impossible position.
His attitude is making life impossible for the rest of the team.
He was facing impossible odds.
3. behaving in a very unreasonable and annoying way:
Oh, you’re just impossible!

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

impossible / ɪmˈpɒs.ɪ.bl̩ /   / -ˈpɑː.sə- / adjective

B1 If an action or event is impossible, it cannot happen or be achieved:

It was impossible to sleep because of the noise.

It seems impossible that I could have walked by without noticing her.

He made it impossible for me to say no.

She ate three plates of spaghetti and a dessert? That's impossible. I don't believe it!

 

C2 describes a situation that is extremely difficult to deal with or solve:

It's an impossible situation - she's got to leave him but she can't bear losing her children.

 

C2 describes a person who behaves very badly or is extremely difficult to deal with:

I had to leave the job because my boss was impossible.

My niece is impossible when she's tired - you can't do anything to please her.

 

impossibility / ɪmˌpɒs.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti /   / -ˌpɑː.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i / noun [ C or U ]

C2

What you're asking just can't be done - it's an impossibility.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

impossible

[ɪmpɒ̱sɪb(ə)l]
 
 1) ADJ-GRADED: oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/that, ADJ to-inf Something that is impossible cannot be done or cannot happen.
  It was impossible for anyone to get in because no one knew the password...
  He thinks the tax is impossible to administer...
  You shouldn't promise what's impossible...
  Keller is good at describing music - an almost impossible task to do well.
  Syn:
  impracticable
  Ant:
  possible
  Derived words:
  impossibly ADV ADV adj Mathematical physics is an almost impossibly difficult subject.
  impossibility [ɪmpɒ̱sɪbɪ̱lɪti] plural N-VAR oft the N of n ...the impossibility of knowing absolute truth.
 N-SING: the N
 The impossible is something which is impossible. They were expected to do the impossible... No one can achieve the impossible.
 2) ADJ: ADJ n An impossible situation or an impossible position is one that is very difficult to deal with.
  The Government was now in an almost impossible position.
  Syn:
  hopeless
 3) ADJ-GRADED (disapproval) If you describe someone as impossible, you are annoyed that their bad behaviour or strong views make them difficult to deal with.
  The woman is impossible, thought Frannie.
  Syn:
  intolerable

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

impossible

im·pos·si·ble /ɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/ adj
1 a : unable to be done or to happen : not possible
• It's impossible to predict the future.
• The heavy rain made it impossible to see the road.
• It's logically/mathematically impossible.
• It's physically impossible for a child to lift that much at once.
• It's virtually/nearly/almost impossible to book a flight just before the holiday.
• I find it impossible to believe [=I cannot believe] that he's telling the truth.
• an impossible dream
b : very difficult
• an impossible [=hopeless] situation
• These math problems are impossible!
2 [more ~; most ~] of a person : very difficult to deal with : very irritating or annoying
• You refuse to help and then criticize me for not doing it right? You're impossible!
• My boss is just an impossible woman.
the impossible : something that cannot be done or that is very difficult
• Expecting people to do a good job in such a short time is asking the impossible.
- im·pos·si·bly /ɪmˈpɑːsəbli/ adv
• The restaurants in this city are impossibly [=extremely, ridiculously] expensive.
impossibly high standards

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